Atlantic crossings: Materiality, contemporary movements and policies of belonging

Atlantic crossings: Materiality, contemporary movements and policies of belonging

The research project aims the study of a significant dimension of material culture and consumption practices - its ability to frame, organize, and therefore produce, social reality - through the analysis of present-day Atlantic crossing migratory movements between Portugal and Brazil. Though contemporary material culture and migration studies are two very dynamic fields of study in the social sciences, there is still a lack of empirical research on the matter of their mutual effects (Basu and Coleman 2008). In spite of this, displacements of people usually bring about replacements of objects since migrations necessarily entail, besides material continuities, the task of having to deal with a new material world and face new material norms and values (Burrell 2008). This will affect relationships between those who left and those who stayed, the production and expression of ‘sameness' and ‘otherness' and the ways migration ‘as process' is daily experienced and objectified. Hence, this approach corresponds to a re-embedment of migration and movement in a more general understanding of collective life (Castles 2010) through a focus on materiality. It will address the traffic of people and things by observing and comparing its routes, temporalities and patterns in order to grasp how the movements and appropriations of objects work to (co)produce the multifaceted realm of migration. Hence, by ‘following the objects' (Frykman 2009), the research aims to investigate new angles of the migrants' daily lives, observe how belonging is managed and discuss the mutual influences exerted by ‘here' and ‘there' (Glick-Schiller 2008).
The research takes on the following premises:
a) material culture and mass consumption are key dimensions of contemporary societies, representing an extensive source for a plurality of meaningful practices such as identity and belonging expressions and displays, accumulation of resources, narrating life experiences or confirming one's place in the world;
b) mobility and placement are interdependent; thought involving disruptive and reorganizing processes, contemporary migrations do not correspond to a permanent rootless experience;
c) migration is a complex and multisided experience, affecting the ones who travel as well as of the ones who stay; ‘here' and ‘there' constitute equally relevant sites and can be addressed in concert.
In view of that, the research's main interrogation is: how do material culture and consumption practices work to (re)make evaluate and manage migrants' social belongings and experiences? That is to say, how are things used to manage relationships and positioning strategies? How is materiality perceived, adjusted, evaluated and handled both by those who leave and those who stay? How are ‘sameness' and ‘otherness' objectified? How to characterize the paths and fluxes of people and things and their intersections? Which logics (objective and subjective) structure these movements and establish those differences?
Drawing on a comparative ethnographic approach preceded by an extensive contextualizing exercise, the research will be carried out in Lisbon, Oporto, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, involving Portuguese and Brazilian recent migrants and their families both ‘at home' and ‘abroad'.

 

Estatuto: 
Proponent entity
Financed: 
Yes
Entidades: 
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
Keywords: 

Material culture, Movement, Portugal, Brazil 

The research project aims the study of a significant dimension of material culture and consumption practices - its ability to frame, organize, and therefore produce, social reality - through the analysis of present-day Atlantic crossing migratory movements between Portugal and Brazil. Though contemporary material culture and migration studies are two very dynamic fields of study in the social sciences, there is still a lack of empirical research on the matter of their mutual effects (Basu and Coleman 2008). In spite of this, displacements of people usually bring about replacements of objects since migrations necessarily entail, besides material continuities, the task of having to deal with a new material world and face new material norms and values (Burrell 2008). This will affect relationships between those who left and those who stayed, the production and expression of ‘sameness' and ‘otherness' and the ways migration ‘as process' is daily experienced and objectified. Hence, this approach corresponds to a re-embedment of migration and movement in a more general understanding of collective life (Castles 2010) through a focus on materiality. It will address the traffic of people and things by observing and comparing its routes, temporalities and patterns in order to grasp how the movements and appropriations of objects work to (co)produce the multifaceted realm of migration. Hence, by ‘following the objects' (Frykman 2009), the research aims to investigate new angles of the migrants' daily lives, observe how belonging is managed and discuss the mutual influences exerted by ‘here' and ‘there' (Glick-Schiller 2008).
The research takes on the following premises:
a) material culture and mass consumption are key dimensions of contemporary societies, representing an extensive source for a plurality of meaningful practices such as identity and belonging expressions and displays, accumulation of resources, narrating life experiences or confirming one's place in the world;
b) mobility and placement are interdependent; thought involving disruptive and reorganizing processes, contemporary migrations do not correspond to a permanent rootless experience;
c) migration is a complex and multisided experience, affecting the ones who travel as well as of the ones who stay; ‘here' and ‘there' constitute equally relevant sites and can be addressed in concert.
In view of that, the research's main interrogation is: how do material culture and consumption practices work to (re)make evaluate and manage migrants' social belongings and experiences? That is to say, how are things used to manage relationships and positioning strategies? How is materiality perceived, adjusted, evaluated and handled both by those who leave and those who stay? How are ‘sameness' and ‘otherness' objectified? How to characterize the paths and fluxes of people and things and their intersections? Which logics (objective and subjective) structure these movements and establish those differences?
Drawing on a comparative ethnographic approach preceded by an extensive contextualizing exercise, the research will be carried out in Lisbon, Oporto, Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, involving Portuguese and Brazilian recent migrants and their families both ‘at home' and ‘abroad'.

 

Objectivos: 
This research project aims to investigate how the material culture and consumption practices of present-day Portuguese and Brazilian migrants and of their families work to make, evaluate and manage migrants' social belongings and experiences. Fieldwork will be carried out in four separate though interrelated settings: the Portuguese and Brazilian family daily lives in Brazil and in Portugal, both at ‘home' and ‘abroad'.<br />This leading line of inquiry sums up the following more restrict questionings: a) how does materiality work to produce distinctive representations of migration and to evaluate the options taken in terms of the destinations chosen? b) in what extent is materiality embedded in migration projects and expectations? in what degree are the ‘western Europe' and the ‘Brazilian gold' ideals made tangible through new consumer experiences? c) what does materiality and its uses reveal about the multiple (economic, political, personal, social, cultural) "uprooting" activities carried out in the different migration locations? d) in what extent and in what ways is materiality and its uses linked to origin (Brazil and Portugal) and to the people who did not leave? e) how and by what means are sameness and difference expressed and objectified through things in these migration contexts? And how to characterize and evaluate its changing dynamics both ‘at home' and ‘abroad'?
State of the art: 
Anthropology has always devoted attention to materiality as a significant field of practice, central to the understanding of non- industrialized contexts. However, in regard to industrialized capitalist societies, only later have objects 'as visible parts of culture' (Douglas &amp; Isherwood 1979) and their uses regained centrality, by the hand of a set of theoretical productions (Baudrillard 1968; Douglas &amp; Isherwood 1979; Bourdieu 1979; Appadurai 1986; Miller 1987) that, without undermining the discussion of the impacts of capitalist production, claimed the urgency of rethinking contemporary materiality and its relationships with subjects. The importance of contemporary objects and consumption practices in generating culture is reestablished and their ability to do 'social and cultural work' through processes of differentiation, objectification and integration gains visibility, based on the following premises: a) things can be perceived as objectification devices, actively involved in processes of evaluation, positioning and mobility (Bourdieu 1979; Miller 1987); b) consumption can be acknowledged as a set of practices of acquisition, utilization and reutilization of things whose meanings are adjusted according to the subjects they meet and the contexts they enter (Douglas and Isherwood 1979; Kopytoff 1986; Miller 1987); c) far from being 'entities', objects participate and are responsible for the co-production of reality (Appadurai 1986; Miller 1987; Latour 1997); d) objects compose a familiar frame, a subtle setting for social practice. Since much of social behaviour is cued by expectations and determined by frames, they ensure appropriate behaviour without being open to challenge (Miller 2010); e) materiality constitutes a 'key-tool', i.e. a socialization device, for the definition of groups' particular identities and of their ways of seeing the world. Interacting with things can therefore be understood as a learning process of collective norms (Bourdieu 1972). By highlighting the potential of material culture and consumption to the analysis of contemporary collective life, these contributions established a background that has supported vast research work proving to be a solid theoretical option. Contemporary migration is also highly debated. In fact, migrations have been in the last years scrutinized by all disciplines, an intense debate which highlighted, among other major contributions, two major characteristics: its sharp visibility and intrinsic diversity. Authors such as Hannerz (1989), Appadurai (1990), Glick Schiller et al (1995), Portes (1999) or Vertovec (2007) amongst others are central, since they all point towards the necessity of thinking the multiple consequences of movement in terms of its impacts in cultural diversity, social reproduction and communal life. All this visibility does not however picture a world of 'fluidity and openness'. On the contrary, most migrations are based on inequality and discrimination, and are controlled and limited by states (Castles 2010). Awareness of complexity, diversity and context in contemporary migration does not stand for postmodern fragmentation. Contemporary migrations do present great diversity, but this diversity unfolds within increasingly universal relationships of power, many times translating the existence of global 'structures of common difference' (Wilk 1995). Migration will therefore be addressed through focusing on the specificities, complexities, contradictions and even unintended consequences of materiality and migration, while exposing the regularities and variations these movements and the relationships that support them might entail (Portes and DeWind 2004). The 'transnational turn' (Vertovec 2007) introduced significant changes in the debate, by way of shifting analysis from groups in specific locations to groups and their activities as they engage in cross-border, multi-local processes and practices without undermining the centrality of community, kinship, residence and other more or less stable forms of affiliation and belonging (Fortier 2000; Gardner 2002). Migration experiences are grounded on detail: who travels and who stays, when, how and in which circumstances; what historic, economic, political and cultural conditions mark the contexts and trajectories of migration and its impacts overtime on personal biographies; how are relationships and networks of belonging managed and displayed. While much scholarly work exists on migration, there is still little literature concerning its intersections with material culture and consumption. Yet, all migrations are embedded in materiality since they necessarily involve carrying, sending and receiving things, as well as expropriations and appropriations, desires and expectations regarding objects. As recent studies demonstrate (Burrell 2008; Fryman 2009; Rosales 2009) ethnographic insights into migrants' relationships and networks achieved through objects constitute productive conceptual lenses in migration studies. The impacts of migration on material experiences reaches further than attachments to objects from home; it can change peoples' perceptions of themselves, restructure their patterns of social interaction and alter the balance of relationships sustained with those left behind (Burrel 2008). If movement affects materiality because it implies the transference of objects and practices from one location to another, changing uses as well as users, and if different movements result in distinct materialities, since things act diversely depending on the routes taken and sites of departure and destination (Howes 1996), than what needs to be further explored is how the 'itineraries of people and things are mutually constitutive' (Basu & Coleman 2008).
Parceria: 
Unintegrated
Emília Margarida Marques
Susana Trovão
Maria Inês David
Vânia Machado
Lívia Barbosa
Letícia Veloso
Ana Rita Alves
Coordenador 
Start Date: 
19/03/2012
End Date: 
18/03/2015
Duração: 
36 meses
Closed