ICS Working Papers Nº2/2016

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ICS WORKING PAPERS 2016
45 On this process of hybridization in inter-war dictatorships see A. C. Pinto and A. Kallis, eds,
Rethinking Fascism and Dictatorship in Europe, London: Palgrave, 2013.
46 J. Gandhi and A. Przeworski, ‘Authoritarian institutions and the survival of autocrats’,
Comparative Political Studies, 40, no. 11, 2007, p. 1282.
47 M. Weber, Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology, Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 1968, pp. 1, 298.
48 And ‘those chambers are only components in their regimes… no legislature in an
authoritarian regime has either the formal or de facto power to question the ultimate authority
of a ruler or ruling group’. See J. J. Linz, ‘Legislatures in organic-statist-authoritarian regimes:
The case of Spain’, in J. Smith and L. D. Musolf, eds, Legislatures in Development: Dynamics
of Change in New and Old States, Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1979, pp. 91, 95.
49 See B. Mirkine-Guetzevitch, Les Constitutions de l’Europe Nouvelle , Paris, Delagrave, 1928
and the revised and expanded edition of 1938; Pedro Velez, Das Constituições dos Regimes
Nacionalistas de entre-guerras , Lisbon, Imprensa de Ciências Sociais (Forthc. 2017).
50 P. Misner, ‘Christian democratic social policy: Precedents for third-way thinking’, in T.
Kselman and J. A. Buttigieg, eds, European Christian Democracy: Historical Legacies and
Comparative Perspectives, Notre Dame, IN, Notre Dame University Press, 2003, p. 77.
51 K. Loewenstein, ‘Occupational representation and the idea of an economic parliament’, p.
423.
52 Saverio Battente, Alfredo Rocco: Dal Nazionalismo al Fascismo, 1907-1935, Milan:
FrancoAngeli, 2005.
53 A. Gagliardi, Il Corporativismo Fascista, Rome-Bari: Laterza, 2010; M. Pasetti, ‘Neither
bluff nor revolution: The corporations and the consolidation of the Fascist regime (1925–
1926)’, in G. Albanese and R. Pergher, eds, In the Society of Fascists: Acclamation,
Acquiescence, and Agency in Mussolini’s Italy, New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, pp.
87–107.
54 See D. D. Roberts, The Syndicalist Tradition and Italian Fascism, Chapel Hill: The
University of North Carolina Press, 1979.
55 See A. Gagliardi, Il Corporativismo Fascista, p. 4.
56 A. J. de Grand, The Italian National Association and the Rise of Fascism in Italy , Lincoln,
NE, and London: University of Nebraska Press, 1978, p. 100.
57 F. Perfetti, ‘La discussion sul corporativismo in Italia’, in Musiedlak, Les Experiences
Corporatives, pp. 102–115; Gagliardi, Il corporativismo fascista.
58 See F. Perfetti, Fascismo e Riforma Istituzionali, Florence, Le Lettere, 2013.
59 D. Musiedlak, Lo Stato Fascista e la sua Classe Politica, 1922-43, Bologna, Il Mulino,
2003; G. Adinolfi, ‘Political elite and decision-making in Mussolini’s Italy‘, in A. C. Pinto,
ed., Ruling Elites and Decision-Making in Fascist-Era Dictatorships, New York, NY,
Columbia University Press, 2009, pp. 19-54.
60 See I. Stolzi, L’Ordine Corporativo: Poteri Organizzati e Organizzazione del Potere nella
Riflessione Giuridica dell'Italia Fascista, Florence, Giuffrè Editore, 2007; Antonio Esposito,
Giuristi e Stato Corporativo, Tricase, Youcanprint, 2015.
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