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University Press, 2001, pp. 216–274; I. Romsics,
István Bethlen: A Great Conservative
Statesman of Hungary
, New York, NY, EEM-Columbia University Press, 1995, p. 335.
119
Janos,
Politics of Backwardness
, p. 290.
120
A, Polonsky,
Politics of Independent Poland, 1921–39: The Crisis of Constitutional
Government
, Oxford: Clarendon, 1972, p. vii; S. Levitsky and L. A. Way,
Competitive
Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War
, New York, NY, Cambridge University
Press, 2010.
121
The predominance of Roman Catholicism in Poland did not give rise to strong Catholic
parties, and although the ‘detailed model of a corporatist system that made provision for setting
a new vertical power system at whose head would be a corporatist national chamber’ was part
of the small Christian Democratic Party’s programme, this did not influence Pilsudski’s
institutional reform. See L. Kuk, ‘A powerful Catholic Church, unstable state and authoritarian
political regime: The Christian Democratic Party in Poland’, in Kaiser and Wohnout,
Political
Catholicism
, p. 157.
122
See B. Mirkine-Guetzevitch,
Les Constitutions de l’Europe Nouvelle
, Vol. 2, , p. 441; E. D.
Wynot Jr.,
Polish Politics in Transition: The Camp of National Unity and the Struggle for
Power, 1935-39
, Athens, The University of Georgia Press, 1974, p. 24.
123
The electorate could send a delegate to these commissions, but they required 500 notarized
signatures, which was a worthless procedure. See Polonsky,
Independent Poland
, p. 397;
Wynot,
Polish Politics in Transition
, p. 26.
124
Polonsky,
Independent Poland
, p. 430.
125
I. Tiu,
The Legionary Movement after Corneliu Codrianu
, New York, NY, EEM-Columbia
University Press, 2009.
126
J. Rothschild,
East Central Europe between the Two World Wars
, Seattle, WA, and
London, University of Washington Press, 1974, p. 311.
127
E. Cristoforeanu, “Tendenze corporative nella legislazione economica della Romania”,
Annuario di Diritto Comparato e di Studi Legislativi
, Vol. 14, 1940, pp. 728–729.
128
M. Djuvara, ‘La nouvelle constitution roumaine et son esprit’,
Revue du Droit Public et de
la Science Politique en France et à L’Étranger
, Vol. 56, 1939, pp. 277–308.
129
Z. Ornea,
The Romanian Extreme Right: The 1930s
, New York, NY, EEM-Columbia
University Press, 1999, pp. 244–264.
130
H. L. Roberts,
Rumania: Political Problems of an Agrarian State
, New Haven, CT, Yale
University Press, 1951, p. 231; M. Platon, ‘The Iron Guard and the “Modern State”: Iron
Guard leaders Vasile Marin and Ion I. Moţa and the “new European order”’,
Fascism: Journal
of Comparative Fascist Studies
, 1, 2012, pp. 65–90.
131
D. Deletant,
Hitler’s Forgotten Ally: Ion Antunescu and his Regime, Romania, 1940-44
,
London, Palgrave, 2006, p. 72. See C. Iordachi,
“
A Continuum of Dictatorships: Hybrid
Totalitarian Experiments
in Romania, 1 937
–44”, A. C. Pinto and A. Kallis, eds,
Rethinking
Fascism and Dictatorship in Europ
e, pp. 233-271.
.
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