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132 R. J. Crampton, A Concise History of Bulgaria, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,
2005, p. 159.
133 Ibid, p. 162.
134 See, C. Axboe Nielsen, Making Yugoslavs: Identity in King Aleksandar's Yugoslavia,
Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2014.
135 Cited in J. Byford, ‘Willing bystanders: Dimitrije Ljotić, “shield collaboration” and the
destruction of Serbia's Jews’, in R. Haynes and M. Rady, eds.,
London: I. B.Tauris, p. 297.
136 See Petrungaro, this book.
137 Cited in H. Cliadakis, Fascism in Greece: The Metaxas Dictatorship 1936–1941,
Rupolding, Verlag Philipp Rutzen, 2014, p. 47; J. Kofas, Authoritarianism in Greece: The
Metaxas Regime, New York, NY, EEM-Columbia University Press, 1983, p. 65.
138 Metaxas, Speeches and Thoughts, 1, pp. 45-50, Cited by A. Kallis, this book.
139 H. Cliadakis, Fascism in Greece, p. 47.
140 A. Kallis, ‘Neither fascist nor authoritarian: The 4th of August regime in Greece (1936–41)
and the dynamics of fascistisation in 1930s Europe’, East Central Europe, 37, 2010, pp. 303–
330.
141 C. Sarandis, ‘The ideology and character of the Metaxas regime’, in R. Highan and T.
Veremis, eds, The Metaxas Dictatorship: Aspects of Greece, Athens, ELIAMEP, 1993, p. 156;
S. V. Papacosma, ‘Ioannis Metaxas and the “Fourth of August” dictatorship’, in F. Bernd, ed.,
Balkan Strongman: Dictators and Authoritarian Rulers of South-East Europe, London, Hurst,
2006, p. 187.
142 A. Eidintas, ‘The presidential republic’, in A. Eidintas, V. Zalys and A. E. Senn, eds,
Lithuania in European Politics: The Years of the First Republic, 1918–40, Vilnius, Valga,
1997, pp. 111–137.
143 Ibid, p. 121. See also L. Sabaliunas, Lithuania in Crisis: Nationalism to Communism, 1934–
1940 , Bloomington, IN, Indiana University Press, 1972, p. 42.
144 G. von Rauch, The Baltic States: The Years of Independence, 1917–40, New York, NY, St
Martin’s Press, 1995, p. 164.
145 See A. Kasekamp, ‘Fascism by popular initiative: The rise and fall of the Vaps movement
in Estonia’, Fascism, 4, 2015, pp. 155–168.
146 A. Kasekamp, The Radical Right in Interwar Estonia, London, Macmillan, 2007, p. 121.
147 Constitution of the Republic of Estonia, 1938, p. 84.
148 A. Plakans, The Latvians: A Short History , Stanford, CA, The Hoover Institution Press,
1995.
149 Von Rauch, The Baltic States; Pasteur, Les États Autoritaires , p. 166. See also A. Stranga,
‘The political system of Karlis Ulmanis’ authoritarian regime (15 May 1934–17 June 1940)’,
Studia Universitatis Cibiniensis: Series Historica, Vol. 9, 2012, pp. 51–56.
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