ICS Estudos e Relatórios Nº1 / 2019

ICS E S T U D O S e R E L A T Ó R I O S 2019 The Report also emphasized the importance of making policies that can mobilize the health community, ensure economic support for health and climate action, as well as track and monitor progress and impact. Built on the Millennium Development Goals, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, and 169 targets) puts people, planet, prosperity, peace, and partnership into focus (United Nations, 2015). Among them, SDG 3 "Good health and well-being" seeks to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. SDG 11 "Sustainable cities and communities" strives to make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. Finally, SDG 13 "Climate action" endeavours to take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Many scientists commissioned by the International Council for Sciences demonstrated the significant interconnections between health, cities, and climate change by examining the interactions between the SDGs and identifying synergies and tradeoffs. SDG 3 interacts positively with SDG 11 "Sustainable cities and communities" as the impact of 'place' on health is well recognized. Adequately planned cities contribute positively to health, while inadequately planned cities form unhealthy environments that discourage physical activity, expose people to hazards such as air pollution and dangerous traffic, and contribute to mental illness and non-communicable diseases. SDG 3 also interacts positively with SDG 13 (Climate action), as climate change is already having significant impacts on health. Many mitigations as well adaptation measures are increasingly found to be immediate or long-term co- benefits on health (International Council for Science, 2017). The Healthy Cities program initially launched by WHO in 1986 to be implemented in developed nations has now been widely applied, thousands of cities worldwide have been using its resources, strategies, and networks for promoting health. The program aims to set health as an overarching goal on the agendas of decision-makers and to develop comprehensive local strategies for health protection and sustainable development. It has proven successful in many cities, including communities and increasing their understanding of health and environment linkages, creating intersectoral partnerships, and improving participant equity (Boonekamp et al., 1999). At the 61st World Health Assembly in 2008, WHO was requested to develop and implement a work plan to support member states in the protection of human health from climate change. This led to the creation of the WHO Work Plan on Climate Change and Health , which sets four priorities and areas of work in climate and health, including the advocacy of the topic in concern to raise awareness, the strengthening